NIP-19
Readable Nostr identifiers
NIP-19 defines friendly-looking Nostr identifiers such as npub, nsec, note, nevent, and nprofile. These are encoded forms of keys and event references that are easier and safer to copy than raw technical data.
They work a bit like QR-code text or tracking numbers: still precise, but packaged for humans and apps to pass around. When someone shares an npub, a client can decode it and know exactly which public key it means.
Read more in the official 19.md NIP document.